Richard the Lionheart

On 2 May 1194 Richard I gave Portsmouth its first Royal Charter granting permission for the borough to: hold a fifteen day annual "Free Market Fair"; have weekly markets; set up a local court to deal with minor matters; and exemption from paying the government annual tax with the money instead used for local matters.

King Richard later went on to build a number of houses and a hall in Portsmouth. He is known to have spent much time in the new settlement but the whereabouts of his Kings Hall has never been determined for certain. It is thought to have been in the vicinity of the current Grammar School.

Portsmouth Coat of Arms

Portsmouth’s Arms, comprising an azure shield bearing a gold star and crescent, has been used for 800 years. Its history is uncertain but thought to be based on those of Richard I, or his Lord Chancellor, William de Longchamp, who granted the Town's first charter in 1194. The motto "Heaven's Light Our Guide" which was registered in 1929, is that of the Order of the Star of India and of the old Indian troop ships which embarked their passengers at Portsmouth.

Further changes were made to the arms in 1970, when Portsmouth Museums Society sponsored the grant of crest, supporters and heraldic badge. This shows a sea lion and sea unicorn which are maritime version of the Royal Crest and Supporters - a rare privilege reflecting Portsmouth's long association with the Crown. The unicorn wears a naval crown and is wrapped a representation of "The Mighty Chain of Iron", the Tudor defensive boom across Portsmouth Harbour. The crown worn by the sea lion refers to the land defences which surrounded Portsmouth from Elizabethan times to the 1800s.